The Fighter-Bomber in the Normandy Campaign: The Role of 83 Group

The dichotomy between popular and academic history is, for most historians, and readers, an uncomfortable one. A book that appeals to a mass audience risks the scorn of academia, whereas a scholarly work may never reach beyond the confines of the university. While there are exceptions to this rule, John Keegan’s The Face of Battle being perhaps the most famous, by and large academic study runs parallel with popular accounts and rarely the twain meet. No where is this more prevalent in the study of military history than the question of the role played by tactical air power in the Normandy campaign. With over a half century of intense study and voluminous publication this subject continues to defy a comprehensive reconciliation. It has therefore remained an area of constant debate

Flying Desert Rat: The Combat Career of Squadron Leader Bert Houle

Albert Houle is a Canadian whose war, while not totally unique for a Canadian fighter pilot in World War Two, was certainly far from the norm. His entire combat career was fought in North Africa, Sicily and Italy. His first tour was with the Royal Air Force and his second with the Royal Canadian Air Force. Similar to another Canadian ace George Beurling, Houle\u27s desire for combat and intemperate attitude to all those who stood in his way led to as many actions on the ground as in the air. Almost without exception, Houle viewed anyone not in combat or directly supporting it as so much administrative deadwood and this attitude would cost him on more than one occasion. However, unlike Beurling, Houle had the demeanour and desire to lead men in combat and bring them home again

Autophagy and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: A review.

The incidence of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (bladder cancer) remains high. While other solid organ malignancies have seen significant improvement in morbidity and mortality, there has been little change in bladder cancer mortality in the past few decades. The mortality is mainly driven by muscle invasive bladder cancer, but the cancer burden remains high even in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer due to high recurrence rates and risk of progression. While apoptosis deregulation has long been an established pathway for cancer progression, nonapoptotic pathways have gained prominence of late. Recent research in the role of autophagy in other malignancies, including its role in treatment resistance, has led to greater interest in the role of autophagy in bladder cancer. Herein, we summarize the literature regarding the role of autophagy in bladder cancer progression and treatment resistance. We address it by systematically reviewing treatment modalities for nonmuscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer

An Approximation Scheme for Reflected Stochastic Differential Equations

In this paper we consider the Stratonovich reflected stochastic differential equation $dX_t=\sigma(X_t)\circ dW_t+b(X_t)dt+dL_t$ in a bounded domain \O which satisfies conditions, introduced by Lions and Sznitman, which are specified below. Letting $W^N_t$ be the $N$-dyadic piecewise linear interpolation of $W_t$ what we show is that one can solve the reflected ordinary differential equation $\dot X^N_t=\sigma(X^N_t)\dot W^N_t+b(X^N_t)+\dot L^N_t$ and that the distribution of the pair $(X^N_t,L^N_t)$ converges weakly to that of $(X_t,L_t)$. Hence, what we prove is a distributional version for reflected diffusions of the famous result of Wong and Zakai. Perhaps the most valuable contribution made by our procedure derives from the representation of $\dot X^N_t$ in terms of a projection of $\dot W_t^N$. In particular, we apply our result in hand to derive some geometric properties of coupled reflected Brownian motion in certain domains, especially those properties which have been used in recent work on the "hot spots" conjecture for special domain.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figure